A police interaction: stops, searches and access to a lawyer

Stay calm, do not physically resist, ask whether you are free to leave and request legal advice if detained or arrested.

Adapted from a guide first written for Quebec readers: passages specific to Quebec were removed. Rules in your province may differ.

This is general information, not legal advice for a particular encounter. Police powers depend on the facts and legal authority. Stay calm, keep your hands visible and do not physically interfere, even if you disagree with what is happening.

Clarify the situation

You can ask whether you are being detained or are free to leave. If you are detained or arrested, ask why and request to speak with a lawyer promptly. Avoid guessing, arguing about the law at the scene or consenting to a search you do not understand; do not obstruct a lawful search.

After the encounter

• Write down the date, location, badge or vehicle details, names of witnesses and what was said.
• Keep documents, messages, video and medical records in their original form.
• Do not post identifying details or publish edited footage before getting advice.
• Contact a lawyer or legal-aid service as soon as possible, especially if charges, a summons or a release condition is involved.

Sources and limits

Police powers and remedies are fact-specific; seek advice from a lawyer. This guide does not replace legal counsel.

General information based on federal and national rules; provincial rules may differ. Confirm with the official body before acting.