Open ProvincesCold-Water Immersion: Control the Shock and Preserve Heat
Respond during the first minutes of cold-water immersion, summon help and reduce heat loss.
Adapted from a guide first written for Quebec readers: passages specific to Quebec were removed. Rules in your province may differ.
Shout, use a whistle or beacon and have someone call 911. A lifejacket worn before the fall greatly improves the chance of remaining afloat.
Control breathing
The initial cold shock can cause a sudden gasp and very rapid breathing. Focus on exhaling and keep your mouth clear of the water. Do not immediately attempt a long swim.
Choose the nearest exit
If a boat, solid ice, ladder or shore is truly reachable, attempt a controlled exit. Otherwise, hold a floating object and conserve movement.
Preserve heat
Keep clothing on, draw arms toward the torso and hold legs together. In a group, huddle without submerging anyone. Avoid unnecessary effort that speeds cooling.
After rescue
Handle the person gently, remove wet clothing once shelter is ready and insulate them from the ground and wind. Do not give alcohol or rapidly rewarm a confused or very cold person; follow 911 instructions.
Cold-water survival — Transport Canada (French)
Sources and limits
Official sources are linked in the guide. Reviewed August 29, 2026; confirm current instructions and deadlines with the responsible authority.
General information based on federal and national rules; provincial rules may differ. Confirm with the official body before acting. Last reviewed : 2026-08-29.